Aboriginal law governs the relationship, as founded in colonial instruments, between Indigenous collectives and the Crown. It includes court decisions. Indigenous Law is more focused on the legal orders of Indigenous societies and is included in Aboriginal law. Administrative Law is woven throughout most other areas of law. It is a branch of public law that is in charge of the work of administrative agencies in government.Civil Litigation is a legal process where two or more parties are involved in a non-criminal dispute, where plaintiffs want to be reimbursed for the harms caused by the respondent(s). Often, civil litigation takes place in the superior or federal courts, but it may also be carried out in administrative committees, which are connected to administrative law.Commercial and Corporate Due Diligence is work that involves reviewing and drafting business documents and providing advice on the legal soundness of those documents, their compliance with law and regulation.Comprehensive Claims are defined by Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) as the “unfinished business of treaty-making in Canada.” Also known as “self-government” or “modern treaties,” these claims are forward-looking agreements negotiated between an Indigenous group, Canada and the province or territory.Constitutional Law is an area of law that sets the role, powers and structures of different institutions within a country, and mostly refers to the difference between the executive, legislative and judicial branches. The Constitution includes confirmation of the basic rights of citizens, and provides for the recognition and affirmation of Treaties and Aboriginal rights.Human rightslaw is about the freedoms and rights of human beings. This area of law includes advancing and advocating for the rights of historically and systemically oppressed persons and groups along illegal grounds of discrimination, which include gender, race, economic status and marital status. Human rights are framed internationally and nationally, and are actionable through various human rights bodies such as the Canadian Human Rights Commission and Tribunal, as well as Provincial Human Rights Commissions.Specific Claims: Specific claims refer to claims of monetary damages made by a First Nation against the Crown regarding the administration of land and other First Nation assets. They also include claims that Treaty promises have not been fulfilled. Specific claims often involve a breach of the Crown’s fiduciary obligations to a First Nation.Trusts Law is an area of law where property—often money—is held by a party for the benefit of another party, or group of people. Trusts are often used to generate income from specific claim settlements, other forms of settlements, or other forms of wealth. Trusts law involves fiduciary law, which sets the terms of a trustee’s obligations to the beneficiary(ies) of a trust.
